Changes in a tree’s lean, trunk cracks, and dead or damaged branches may be reasons to take a closer look.
While many trees remain healthy for decades, recognizing signs of damage or decline can help homeowners make informed decisions about trees near their property.
Here’s what to look for, which signs warrant closer attention, and when to have a professional evaluate a tree.
A Tree’s Condition and Surroundings Both Matter
Evaluating a tree involves considering two important factors: its condition and the people or property that could be affected if a branch or the tree itself were to fail.
A tree with structural damage in an open field presents a different level of concern than a similar tree near a home, driveway, or frequently used outdoor area.
The type and extent of any defects, the tree’s location, and its surroundings all help determine whether further evaluation is warranted.
This article was prepared with input from the crew at Mike’s Professional Tree Service, a Rhode Island tree service company experienced in tree removal and other tree care work near homes and other structures.
A Lean That Is New or Getting Worse
Plenty of trees grow at an angle and remain stable for many years. However, a lean that develops suddenly, or slowly gets worse over time, is the one to worry about.
University of Georgia Extension’s guide to spotting hazardous trees treats a lean of 30 degrees or more as hazardous when something sits in its fall path.
Cracked or lifted soil around the base, particularly on the side opposite the lean, may also indicate root movement.
If you notice these signs, consider having the tree evaluated by a qualified professional. The tree’s overall condition, root stability, and surroundings all help determine whether further action is needed.
Cracks, Cavities and Cankers
Deep cracks in the trunk or a major limb can affect a tree’s structural strength. Large cavities and cankers may also indicate decay or damage that deserves a closer look.
Cracks can come from frost, lightning, heavy snow or strong wind. Damaged areas may also become entry points for decay-causing fungi.
The significance of these signs depends on their size, location, and the tree’s overall condition.
If you notice a substantial crack or a large cavity, a professional evaluation can help determine whether the tree needs attention.
Mushrooms and Other Signs of Decay
Fungal growth on a tree or near its base can sometimes be associated with decay, although mushrooms alone do not establish whether a tree is unsafe.
Their significance depends on the type of fungus, where it appears, and other signs of the tree’s condition.
Other features that may warrant closer attention include large wounds, areas of damaged bark, dead branch stubs, and unusual swelling near the base of the trunk.
Some internal decay is not visible from the outside, which is one reason a professional assessment may be useful when several concerning signs are present.
A Weak Fork in the Trunk
Trees that split into two trunks of similar size are often structurally weaker than trees with one main stem.
Moisture trapped in the fork can contribute to rot. Over time, one side may split away and fall.
Dead, Hanging or Thinning Branches
Dead, broken, or hanging branches may need attention, especially when they extend over a driveway, walkway, home, or other frequently used area.
Thinning foliage or branches that fail to leaf out may also indicate stress, disease, root damage, or other growing problems.
These symptoms can have different causes, so it is important to consider the tree as a whole rather than concluding one sign alone.
A qualified tree care professional can help determine whether pruning or further evaluation is appropriate.
Damage You Might Not Notice
Construction and landscaping projects can affect trees, sometimes in ways that are not immediately apparent.
Trenching, driveway installation, soil compaction, and heavy equipment operating over root zones can damage roots and alter growing conditions.
If construction has taken place near an established tree, watch for changes in its foliage, growth, or overall condition in the seasons that follow.
How Weather Can Affect Trees
Strong winds, hurricanes, nor’easters, heavy snow, and ice can place additional stress on trees and their branches.
Trees with existing structural defects or damaged limbs may warrant particular attention following severe weather.
Having concerning trees evaluated before the next storm season can give homeowners time to understand their options.
However, even a tree that appears healthy can occasionally experience unexpected failure, and visible symptoms alone cannot predict exactly when a tree or branch might fall.
What to Do If You Spot These Signs
Avoid climbing a tree or attempting to remove large branches yourself.
If you notice a new lean, significant cracking, hanging limbs, or other concerning changes, keep people away from the immediate area if there is an apparent danger and contact a qualified tree care professional.
Depending on the tree’s condition, pruning may be sufficient, while other situations may call for additional management or removal. A professional evaluation can help identify the appropriate approach.
When a tree is close to a home or another structure, crane-assisted removal may be an option.
Depending on site access, equipment requirements, and the tree’s condition, sections may be lifted away rather than lowered using other removal techniques.
Trees are an important part of many residential landscapes, and not every visible defect means a tree needs to be removed.
If you have concerns about a tree near your home or other structures, a professional assessment can help you understand its condition and the options available.
